COMMERCE

PART-1
ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING
Accounting- Nature , Scope and objectives of Accounting – Accounting as an Information system . Users of Accounting Information.
Genrerally Accepeted Principles of Accounting – The Accounting Equation Accrual Concept – Other concepts and conventions. Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure . Accounting Standards and their application Accounting Standards relating to fixed assets. Depreciation inventory , recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors , Partnership Firms and Limited Companies – Statutory Provisions –Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of not –for profit organization . Accounting problems related to admission and retiremnt of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures Accounting Treatment of Convertible debentures . Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation . Ratios relation to short term liquidity , long term solvency and profitability – importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity Cash – flow statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds Societal obligations of Accounting.
Auditing- Nature , objectives and basic principles of auditing .
Techniques of Auditing – Physical verification, examination of documents and vouching , direct confirmation, analytical review.
Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
Evaluation of internal controls.
Test checking and sampling.
Board outline of company audit.
Audit of non- corporate enterprises .
Internal and management audit.
PART-II
BUSINESS ORGANISATION
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor- partnerships- characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties ,Retirement , Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company – Concept , characteristice types.
Cooperative and State ownerships forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market , stock exchanges , Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies . Problems of modernization of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade- Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance- Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General insurance.
MANAGEMENT
Management function- Planning – strategies, organizing levels of authority Staffing , Line function and staff function, Leadership , Communication , Motivation , Directing – Principles , Strategies.
Coordination – Concept , types methods.
Control- Principles , performance standards ,corrective action . Salary and wage administration – job evaluation .
Organisation Structure – Centralization and decentralization – Delegation of authority – Span of control – Management by Objectives and Management by Exception
Management ok change ; Crisis Management.
Office Management – scope and principles ; systems and routines; handling of records – modern aids to Office management; Office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organisation and Methods (O&M)
Company Law
Joint stock companies – incorporation ; document and formalities- Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and power of board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies
Company Secretary- role and functions- qualifications for appointment.